Muay thai
Muay Thai neboli thajský box je přes 1000 let staré bojové umění, které v boji používá techniky nohou, rukou a paží. Ve starých spisech jsou mezi osmi základními zbraněmi thajského boxu uváděny pěsti, lokty, kolena a nohy.
Historie thajského boxu je spjata se stěhováním kmene Thai (v překladu "svobodní") ve 12. a 13. století našeho letopočtu z provincie Jiangxi, Sinchan a Hubei v jižní Číně na dnešní území Thajska. Ve 13. století bylo stěhování národů zvláště intenzivní kvůli útlaku mongolských tlup přicházejících ze severu. Existují také názory, že thajský box vznikl během neustálých bojů Thajců se sousedními Barmánci, Khméry a Vietnamci, což je možno přijmout jako nejpravděpodobnější domněnku, neboť potřeba válečného umění byla v těchto pohnutých dobách thajských dějin zřejmě výrazná.
Jedna stará thajská legenda se zmiňuje o bojovníkovi jménem Nhai-Khon-Don, který byl vzat Barmánci do zajetí, ale poté si sám neozbrojen dokázal vybojovat svobodu vítězstvím nad 12 barmskými bojovníky s meči. Na jeho počest se každý rok koná turnaj v thajském boxu.
Svého rozkvětu dosáhl Muay-Thai za vlády krále Pra-Chao-Sua (začátek 18.stol.), jenž byl sám mistrem tohoto bojového umění. Vypráví se, že král, kterému přezdívali "Tygr", měl ve zvyku tajně opouštět palác, aby pak maskován vystupoval na místních turnajích, přičemž své soupeře zpravidla porážel.
Thajci jsou velmi pyšní na svůj tradiční sport. Jeho popularita je srovnatelná s oblíbeností fotbalu v Evropě nebo baseballu v Americe. Téměř každý obyvatel mužského pohlaví zná přinejmenším základy tohoto sportu.
Na rozdíl od klasického karate nebo kung-fu jsou údery při thajském boxu zasazovány plnou silou bez zastavení. Dnes, stejně jako tehdy, vystupují bojovníci bosi, nosí však boxerské rukavice. Kromě úderů pěstmi jsou povoleny také údery lokty a kopy koleny stejně jako kopy nohama, přičemž soupeř smí být shozen na zem. Předváděcí formy nebo tzv. kata v thajském boxu neexistují. Přímé zásahy, plynulé pohyby a reflexy se rozvíjejí stálým sparringem stejně jako tréninkům úderů do pytle s pískem nebo do tlumiče úderů. Během sparingu se nosí ochranná výstroj, aby se zabránilo zbytečným zraněním. Při takových to tréninkových metodách není těžké uhodnout, proč thajští boxeři v zápasech se soupeři, kteří provozují jiná bojová umění, téměř vždy dosáhnou vítězství.
To co dodává thajskému boxu zvláštní charakter a vlastní půvab, je hudba, která zní během celého zápasu, stejně jako tradiční rituál, který provádějí boxeři před zahájením boje. Orchestr, jenž tvoří bubny, cimbály a jávské flétny, rytmicky provází tempo zápasu. Je samozřejmé, že každý z hudebníků musí být dobrým znalcem thajské
ho boxu. Rituál před začátkem souboje (Vai Khru) se provádí podle starého zvyku tak, že boxer v graciézním předklonu, ruce držíc nad hlavou, nejprve pozdraví publikum, potom podobným způsobem prokáže úctu trenérům. Hned nato následuje série zpomalených pohybů, které se podobají tanci, symbolizující však vlastně pohyby z thajského boxu. Vai Khru znamená v hrubém překladu z thajského jazyka "vypudit strach ze srdce" a hlavním cílem jeho předvádění je koncentrace boxera na nadcházející boj. Celý rituál může trvat několik minut a dobrý znalec thajského boxu může podle pohybů rozpoznat, ke které škole boxer patří.
Poté, co každý z obou bojovníků ukončí svůj rituál, jdou do protilehlých rohů ringu, kde jim trenéři a sekundanti udělí poslední pokyny. Pak už se čeká na úder gongu.
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